NCEAS recommends using Gmail through its web interface on computers or the Gmail app on mobile devices. If you prefer to use Mozilla Thunderbird or another desktop email client, follow the instructions below. Desktop clients usually require little to no configuration and also include additional features such as calendaring.
Click File -> New -> Email Account…
Enter your Name, email address, and password
Click Continue
All settings will be automatically detected for IMAP
Click Done
Optional settings and more info about Thunderbird with Gmail are available from Mozilla
Google Takeout is Google’s recommended method for backing up your Google account, including Gmail, but the AI Overview (turn it on in Search Labs, if necessary) in a Google search might offer a summary of other current options.